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Market Capitalization
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In this article we discuss basics of investing, understanding market capitalization and allocation between large cap, mid cap and small cap stocks. Market capitalization refers the total rupee market value of a company's outstanding shares. Commonly referred to as "market cap," it is calculated by multiplying a company's shares outstanding by the current market price of one share. The investment community uses this figure to determine a company's size, as opposed to using sales or total asset figures.
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Understanding 'Market capitalisation'
1. Large Cap stocks
2. Mid Cap stocks
3. Small Cap stocks
Here, the term 'cap' simply refers to the 'market capitalisation' of the stock.
And what is market capitalisation?
It is the value of the stock that you arrive at by multiplying the stock price by the company's outstanding number of equity shares.
Market Capitalisation = Current Stock Price x Number of Shares outstanding
For a better understanding, let us see an example:
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Understanding 'Market capitalisation'
1. Large Cap stocks
2. Mid Cap stocks
3. Small Cap stocks
Here, the term 'cap' simply refers to the 'market capitalisation' of the stock.
And what is market capitalisation?
It is the value of the stock that you arrive at by multiplying the stock price by the company's outstanding number of equity shares.
Market Capitalisation = Current Stock Price x Number of Shares outstandingFor a better understanding, let us see an example:
Company XYZ has 10,000,000 shares outstanding and its current share price is 8 INR. Based on the above formula, we can calculate that Company XYZ's market capitalisation is 80 INR million, or 10,000,000 shares x Rs 8 per share.
Large Cap
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Large cap (sometimes "big cap") refers to a company with a market capitalization value of more than 200 Billion INR. Large cap is a shortened version of the term "large market capitalization."
As we mentioned above, the first category based on market capitalization is that of 'large cap stocks'.
One can look at the BSE-Sensex or BSE-100 Index as a reference point for large cap stocks.Market capitalization for stocks in the BSE-100 Index, for instance, ranges from 200 bn INR to 3,500 Billion INR.These are stocks of usually large and well-established companies that have a strong market presence and are generally considered as safe investments. One important fact about large caps is that information regarding these companies is readily available in newspapers and magazines. Most of the large cap companies have good disclosures and therefore there is no dearth of information for an investor looking into them
Mid cap
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Mid caps lie between large cap stocks and small cap stocks. Mid cap stocks are those that generally have a market capitalization within the range of 50 Billion INR and 200 Billion INR. These represent mid-sized companies that are relatively more risky than large cap as investment options yet, they are not considered as risky as small cap companies. They rank between the two extremes on all the important parameters like size, revenues, employee and client base.
When one invests in mid caps for the long term, he may be investing in companies that could become tomorrow's runaway success stories. Generally speaking, mid cap stocks as an investment can bring you higher returns in 3 to 5 years as opposed to their big brother large cap stocks that can bring you moderate (yet safer) returns during this timeframe.
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Small Cap
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Lying at the lowest end of market capitalization, Small cap stocks are generally viewed under the misconception of being hazardous or 'quick rich' stocks. However, both these labels are untrue. Small cap stocks are those that generally have a market capitalization up to 50 Billion INR.
Small cap companies have smaller revenue and client bases, and usually include the start-ups or companies in the early stage of development. Small cap stocks are potentially big gainers as they are yet to be discovered within the sector and can show growth potential in large numbers once unfurled in the market. However, as these enterprises are small ventures, these should be researched properly. This is considering that a lot of small companies do not have the financial strength to survive bad times and some of them might be mismanaged businesses run by greedy promoters. Hence it is essential, especially in the case of small caps investments that one does a thorough research regarding the promoters' credentials, management strength and track record, and long and short term growth plans of the company before investing.
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au fait conclusion
As seen from the above discussion, an investor has three options to choose from as far as
allocating money to stocks is concerned. And the allocation is dependent entirely on an investor's risk appetite. All these categories consist of some really good long term investment opportunities. As such, investors must decide the allocation based on the opportunity's merit and not just whether it is a large cap, mid cap, or small cap.
But purely as a matter of prudence and safety, investors looking to build a portfolio from a 10 to 15 years perspective can have a 60-70% allocation to large caps and 10-15% each to mid and small caps. Treat this allocation as just a guideline and, we repeat, allocate your equity portion using your understanding of different kinds of companies across different levels of market capitalization.
Large Cap
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Large cap (sometimes "big cap") refers to a company with a market capitalization value of more than 200 Billion INR. Large cap is a shortened version of the term "large market capitalization."
As we mentioned above, the first category based on market capitalization is that of 'large cap stocks'.
One can look at the BSE-Sensex or BSE-100 Index as a reference point for large cap stocks.Market capitalization for stocks in the BSE-100 Index, for instance, ranges from 200 bn INR to 3,500 Billion INR.These are stocks of usually large and well-established companies that have a strong market presence and are generally considered as safe investments. One important fact about large caps is that information regarding these companies is readily available in newspapers and magazines. Most of the large cap companies have good disclosures and therefore there is no dearth of information for an investor looking into them
One can look at the BSE-Sensex or BSE-100 Index as a reference point for large cap stocks.Market capitalization for stocks in the BSE-100 Index, for instance, ranges from 200 bn INR to 3,500 Billion INR.These are stocks of usually large and well-established companies that have a strong market presence and are generally considered as safe investments. One important fact about large caps is that information regarding these companies is readily available in newspapers and magazines. Most of the large cap companies have good disclosures and therefore there is no dearth of information for an investor looking into them
Mid cap
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Mid caps lie between large cap stocks and small cap stocks. Mid cap stocks are those that generally have a market capitalization within the range of 50 Billion INR and 200 Billion INR. These represent mid-sized companies that are relatively more risky than large cap as investment options yet, they are not considered as risky as small cap companies. They rank between the two extremes on all the important parameters like size, revenues, employee and client base.
When one invests in mid caps for the long term, he may be investing in companies that could become tomorrow's runaway success stories. Generally speaking, mid cap stocks as an investment can bring you higher returns in 3 to 5 years as opposed to their big brother large cap stocks that can bring you moderate (yet safer) returns during this timeframe.
Mid caps lie between large cap stocks and small cap stocks. Mid cap stocks are those that generally have a market capitalization within the range of 50 Billion INR and 200 Billion INR. These represent mid-sized companies that are relatively more risky than large cap as investment options yet, they are not considered as risky as small cap companies. They rank between the two extremes on all the important parameters like size, revenues, employee and client base.
When one invests in mid caps for the long term, he may be investing in companies that could become tomorrow's runaway success stories. Generally speaking, mid cap stocks as an investment can bring you higher returns in 3 to 5 years as opposed to their big brother large cap stocks that can bring you moderate (yet safer) returns during this timeframe.
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Small Cap
Small Cap
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Lying at the lowest end of market capitalization, Small cap stocks are generally viewed under the misconception of being hazardous or 'quick rich' stocks. However, both these labels are untrue. Small cap stocks are those that generally have a market capitalization up to 50 Billion INR.
Small cap companies have smaller revenue and client bases, and usually include the start-ups or companies in the early stage of development. Small cap stocks are potentially big gainers as they are yet to be discovered within the sector and can show growth potential in large numbers once unfurled in the market. However, as these enterprises are small ventures, these should be researched properly. This is considering that a lot of small companies do not have the financial strength to survive bad times and some of them might be mismanaged businesses run by greedy promoters. Hence it is essential, especially in the case of small caps investments that one does a thorough research regarding the promoters' credentials, management strength and track record, and long and short term growth plans of the company before investing.
Small cap companies have smaller revenue and client bases, and usually include the start-ups or companies in the early stage of development. Small cap stocks are potentially big gainers as they are yet to be discovered within the sector and can show growth potential in large numbers once unfurled in the market. However, as these enterprises are small ventures, these should be researched properly. This is considering that a lot of small companies do not have the financial strength to survive bad times and some of them might be mismanaged businesses run by greedy promoters. Hence it is essential, especially in the case of small caps investments that one does a thorough research regarding the promoters' credentials, management strength and track record, and long and short term growth plans of the company before investing.
au fait Fincare Research Desk
au fait conclusion
As seen from the above discussion, an investor has three options to choose from as far as
allocating money to stocks is concerned. And the allocation is dependent entirely on an investor's risk appetite. All these categories consist of some really good long term investment opportunities. As such, investors must decide the allocation based on the opportunity's merit and not just whether it is a large cap, mid cap, or small cap.
But purely as a matter of prudence and safety, investors looking to build a portfolio from a 10 to 15 years perspective can have a 60-70% allocation to large caps and 10-15% each to mid and small caps. Treat this allocation as just a guideline and, we repeat, allocate your equity portion using your understanding of different kinds of companies across different levels of market capitalization.
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